Atmospheric transport of hydrogen sulfide from proposed geothermal power plant (units 13, 14, 16, and 18) for the west wind direction: Predictions by physical modeling in a wind tunnel

CER77-78RLP-JEC10.Prepared for Pacific Gas and Electric Company.Includes bibliographical references (page 12).November 1977.Tests were conducted in the Colorado State University environmental wind tunnel facility of the transport and dispersion of the H2S plume emanating from cooling towers positioned at four locations in the Geysers area. The wind tunnel tests were conducted with the cooling towers and terrain modeled to a scale of 1:1920. Ground-level concentrations were measured in the vicinity of Anderson Springs for selected wind speeds and one wind direction. Ground-level concentration patterns were established for each test condition studied. Data obtained include photographs and motion pictures of smoke plume trajectories as well as ground-level tracer gas concentrations downwind of the cooling towers

Wind-tunnel study of downwash at the Bay Shore Power Station

CER78-79RLP-JEC54.Prepared for The Toledo Edison Company.Includes bibliographical references (pages 40-41).April 1979.The proposed Environmental Protection Agency stack height regulation gives regional administrators the authority to require a field or fluid modeling demonstration of an air quality problem due to downwash, wakes or eddies at existing sources. If the demonstration indicates the existence of an air quality problem then an existing source which increases its stack height may employ an empirical equation to determine the stack height credit it will receive. Since Toledo Edison is replacing its existing four stacks at the Bay Shore Power Station with one taller single stack, the requirement of the regulation seemingly must be satisfied before credit for the new stack is obtained. Toledo Edison contracted Colorado State University to conduct a fluid modeling investigation of the effect of structural generated downwash, wakes or eddies upon ground level concentrations. The tests were conducted using state of the art wind-tunnel testing procedures. Visualization and concentration measurements of the simulated plumes from the Bay Shore Power Station stacks were obtained for eight wind directions, three plant load conditions and one wind speed. For comparison several tests were run without the plant structure present. The results of the study show that the maximum concentration is in excess of the national ambient air quality standard for SO2 and is at least 40 percent in excess of the maximum concentration experienced in the absence of downwash, wakes, and eddy effects produced by nearby structures. The maximum concentration excess observed was approximately 650 percent

Atmospheric transport of hydrogen sulfide from proposed geothermal power plant (unit 18): predictions by physical modeling in a wind tunnel

CER77-78JEC-RLP3.Prepared for Pacific Gas and Electric Company.September 1977.Tests were conducted in the Colorado State University environmental wind tunnel facility of the transport and dispersion of the H2S plume emanating from a cooling tower (Unit 18) positioned at two locations near Anderson Springs, California. The wind tunnel tests were conducted with a cooling tower and terrain modeled to a scale of 1:1920. The effects of wind direction and wind speed upon the groundlevel H2S concentrations in the vicinity of Anderson Springs were established. Data obtained include photographs and motion pictures of smoke plume trajectories and ground-level tracer gas concentrations downwind of the cooling tower

Atmospheric transport of hydrogen sulfide from proposed geothermal power plant (unit 13). Predictions by physical modeling in a wind tunnel

CER76-77RLP-JEC-SA51.Prepared for Aminoil USA, Incorporated.Includes bibliographical references (page 32).April 1977

On Character varieties of two-bridge knot groups

We find explicit models for the PSL(2,C)- and SL(2,C)-character varieties of the fundamental groups of complements in S^3 of an infinite family of two-bridge knots that contains the twist knots. We compute the genus of the components of these character varieties, and deduce upper bounds on the degree of the associated trace fields. We also show that these knot complements are fibered if and only if they are commensurable to a fibered knot complement in a Z/2Z-homology sphere, resolving a conjecture of Hoste and Shanahan.Comment: 36 pages, 4 figure

Circulation of vented gases around biomedical research facility

For the University of New Mexico.July 1979.CER79-80JEC-RLP-SSA18.Includes bibliographical references

Assessing Population Structure and Genetic Diversity in US Suffolk Sheep to Define a Framework for Genomic Selection

Long-term sustainability of breeds depends on having sufficient genetic diversity for adaptability to change, whether driven by climatic conditions or by priorities in breeding programs. Genetic diversity in Suffolk sheep in the United States was evaluated in four ways: 1) using genetic relationships from pedigree data [(n = 64 310 animals recorded in the US National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP)]; 2) using molecular data (n = 304 Suffolk genotyped with the OvineHD BeadChip); 3) comparing Australian (n = 109) and Irish (n = 55) Suffolk sheep to those in the United States using molecular data; and 4) assessing genetic relationships (connectedness) among active Suffolk flocks (n = 18) in NSIP. By characterizing genetic diversity, a goal was to define the structure of a reference population for use for genomic selection strategies in this breed. Pedigree-based mean inbreeding level for the most recent year of available data was 5.5%. Ten animals defined 22.8% of the current gene pool. The effective population size (Ne) ranged from 27.5 to 244.2 based on pedigree and was 79.5 based on molecular data. Expected (HE) and observed (HO) heterozygosity were 0.317 and 0.306, respectively. Model-based population structure included 7 subpopulations. From Principal Component Analysis, countries separated into distinct populations. Within the US population, flocks formed genetically disconnected clusters. A decline in genetic diversity over time was observed from both pedigree and genomic-based derived measures with evidence of population substructure as measured by FST. Using these measures of genetic diversity, a framework for establishing a genomic reference population in US Suffolk sheep engaged in NSIP was proposed

Altered Lysosomal Proteins in Neural-Derived Plasma Exosomes in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease

OBJECTIVE: Diverse autolysosomal proteins were quantified in neurally derived blood exosomes from patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and controls to investigate disordered neuronal autophagy. METHODS: Blood exosomes obtained once from patients with AD (n = 26) or frontotemporal dementia (n = 16), other patients with AD (n = 20) both when cognitively normal and 1 to 10 years later when diagnosed, and case controls were enriched for neural sources by anti-human L1CAM antibody immunoabsorption. Extracted exosomal proteins were quantified by ELISAs and normalized with the CD81 exosomal marker. RESULTS: Mean exosomal levels of cathepsin D, lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1), and ubiquitinylated proteins were significantly higher and of heat-shock protein 70 significantly lower for AD than controls in cross-sectional studies (p ≤ 0.0005). Levels of cathepsin D, LAMP-1, and ubiquitinylated protein also were significantly higher for patients with AD than for patients with frontotemporal dementia (p ≤ 0.006). Step-wise discriminant modeling of the protein levels correctly classified 100% of patients with AD. Exosomal levels of all proteins were similarly significantly different from those of matched controls in 20 patients 1 to 10 years before and at diagnosis of AD (p ≤ 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Levels of autolysosomal proteins in neurally derived blood exosomes distinguish patients with AD from case controls and appear to reflect the pathology of AD up to 10 years before clinical onset. These preliminary results confirm in living patients with AD the early appearance of neuronal lysosomal dysfunction and suggest that these proteins may be useful biomarkers in large prospective studies

Low Neural Exosomal Levels of Cellular Survival Factors in Alzheimer\u27s Disease

Transcription factors that mediate neuronal defenses against diverse stresses were quantified in plasma neural-derived exosomes of Alzheimer\u27s disease or frontotemporal dementia patients and matched controls. Exosomal levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, heat-shock factor-1, and repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor all were significantly lower in Alzheimer\u27s disease patients than controls (P \u3c 0.0001). In frontotemporal dementia, the only significant difference was higher levels of repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor than in controls. Exosomal transcription factors were diminished 2-10 years before clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u27s disease. Low exosomal levels of survival proteins may explain decreased neuronal resistance to Alzheimer\u27s disease neurotoxic proteins